Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia with a unique culture that is a fusion of Indian and Chinese influences. Cambodia's most famous tourist destination is Angkor Wat, which is a symbol of Cambodia and a majestic and mysterious relic listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We will look into when, how, why Angkor Wat was built, and what its meaning and value are.

The History and Meaning of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is a Hindu temple built in the 12th century by King Suryavarman II of the Khmer Empire, a Cambodian kingdom. Angkor Wat is modeled after the world of Hindu mythology, with the central tower symbolizing Mount Meru, and the surrounding walls and moats representing the mountain ranges and oceans surrounding the mountain. Angkor Wat is also a temple dedicated to Vishnu, the supreme god in Hinduism. The walls of the temple are inscribed with the exploits of Vishnu and the history of the Khmer Empire.

Angkor Wat was the center of Khmer politics, religion, and culture, showcasing the pinnacle of architectural technology and art at the time. Angkor Wat is the largest religious building in the world, covering an area of about 200 hectares. Angkor Wat can be said to be the largest and most elaborate structure built by mankind before the Industrial Revolution.

Angkor Wat was abandoned and forgotten when the Khmer Empire fell in the 15th century. It was rediscovered by French explorer Henri Mouhot in the 19th century and brought to the world's attention. Since then, France and UNESCO, along with many other institutions and countries, have worked to preserve and restore Angkor Wat. Angkor Wat is currently depicted on the Cambodian flag and is a symbol of Cambodian pride and identity.

The Structure and Characteristics of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat can be broadly divided into three areas.

The first is the area surrounded by the outer moat and wall, covering an area of about 1.5km x 1.3km. There are gates on the east, west, south, and north of this area, and a huge artificial pond, the moat, is located in front of the south gate. The moat serves to supply water as well as reflecting the image of the temple, making it more beautiful.

The second is the area surrounded by the central wall and moat, covering an area of about 1km x 0.8km. There are gates on the east, west, south, and north of this area, as well as roads leading to each gate. The road from the south is a stone bridge across the moat, and on both sides of the bridge is a railing shaped like a snake called Naga. The Naga is a sacred animal in Hinduism and Buddhism, believed to control water and rain.

The third is the innermost area surrounded by the wall and moat, covering an area of about 0.6km x 0.6km. This area is the most sacred space, with five towers, 65 meters high, in the center. The largest tower symbolizes Vishnu, and the four towers around it symbolize Vishnu's four virtues. These towers resemble lotus flowers, and the top of the tower is adorned with a triangular ornament. This ornament is a three-dimensional representation of Shiva, representing the power of creation, destruction, and preservation.

In addition to the walls, moats, and towers of Angkor Wat, there are countless sculptures and murals inside the temple. They depict Hindu mythology, history, and everyday life. Among the most notable murals are the scenes of heaven and hell on the west wall, the battle of Sambala and Asura on the east wall, and the procession of the Khmer king on the north wall. These sculptures and murals enhance the artistry and historicity of Angkor Wat.

Tourist Information and Tips for Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is located about 30 minutes from Siem Reap Airport in Cambodia, which can be reached by taxi or tuk-tuk. To visit Angkor Wat, you need a ticket, which costs $37 for a one-day pass, $62 for a two-day pass, and $72 for a three-day pass. Tickets can be purchased at the entrance to Angkor Wat and require a photo and passport.

Angkor Wat is vast and it's impossible to see everything in one day. Therefore, it's better to choose the places you want to visit according to your itinerary. Here are some of the main attractions at Angkor Wat.

1. Angkor Wat Main Gate

The main gate of Angkor Wat is located on the south side and can be entered via a stone bridge that crosses the moat lake. There is a tower with four faces on each side of the main gate, which is said to symbolize the Khmer king or Vishnu. You can get a full view of Angkor Wat from the main gate.

2. Angkor Wat Central Tower

The central tower of Angkor Wat is the tallest and largest tower, symbolizing Vishnu's mountain. The central tower is made up of 12 steps, each consisting of 37 steps. You can get a panoramic view of Angkor Wat from the top of the central tower. However, the central tower is very steep and high, so for safety, you need to take off your shoes, hold on to the handrail, and climb slowly.

3. Angkor Wat Walls

The murals of Angkor Wat are located on the inside and outside of the walls, depicting Hindu mythology, history, and everyday life. The murals are about 2km long and are impressive in their detailed carvings and colors. You can understand the culture and art of Angkor Wat by looking at the murals.

Angkor Wat is a religious place, so appropriate attire should be worn. You should wear clothes that cover your shoulders and knees, and take off your hat, sunglasses, and shoes before entering. Angkor Wat is very hot and humid. Therefore, you should bring water, snacks, sunscreen, and insect repellent. Angkor Wat is beautiful at sunrise and sunset. Especially, the view of Angkor Wat reflected in the moat lake in front of the main gate of Angkor Wat will be an unforgettable experience.

The Value and Protection of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is a treasure of Cambodia and a world heritage. Angkor Wat is a place to appreciate ancient civilizations and art, and it embodies Cambodian history and identity. Angkor Wat is visited by many people, but it is also exposed to many threats. Angkor Wat is being damaged by natural degradation and climate change, human visits and development, and various conflicts and wars. The cooperation of the Cambodian government, the international community, and tourists is necessary to preserve and restore Angkor Wat. Travelers visiting Angkor Wat should respect and protect the value and beauty of Angkor Wat.