Angkor Wat

Cambodia is a country located in Southeast Asia, possessing a unique culture that is a fusion of Indian and Chinese influences. Angkor Wat is arguably Cambodia's most iconic tourist destination. It serves as a symbol of Cambodia and is a magnificent and mysterious relic, listed among the Seven Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Let's explore when, how, and why Angkor Wat was built, and what significance and value it holds.

History and Significance of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is a Hindu temple built in the 12th century by King Suryavarman II of the Khmer Empire, a kingdom in Cambodia. Angkor Wat was designed to mimic the world of Hindu mythology. The central tower represents Mount Meru, while the surrounding walls and moats represent the mountain ranges and seas that surround it. Angkor Wat is also dedicated to Vishnu, the supreme god in Hindu mythology. The temple walls are adorned with carvings depicting Vishnu's exploits and the history of the Khmer Empire.

Angkor Wat was the center of political, religious, and cultural life in the Khmer Empire, showcasing the pinnacle of architectural and artistic achievements of that time. Covering approximately 200 hectares, it is the largest religious structure in the world. It can be considered the most massive and intricate architectural feat created by humanity before the Industrial Revolution.

Angkor Wat was abandoned and forgotten after the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 15th century. It was rediscovered by French explorer Henri Mouhot in the 19th century, bringing it to the attention of the world. Since then, various organizations and nations, including France and UNESCO, have dedicated their efforts to preserving and restoring Angkor Wat. Today, it is depicted on the Cambodian flag and stands as a symbol of Cambodian pride and identity.

Structure and Features of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat can be broadly divided into three distinct sections.

The first section is an outer area enclosed by a moat and walls, covering an area of approximately 1.5km x 1.3km. This section has gates on the east, west, south, and north sides, with a large artificial pond, or moat, located in front of the southern gate. The moat serves as a water source and enhances the beauty of the temple by reflecting its image.

The second section is the central area, surrounded by walls and a moat, covering an area of approximately 1km x 0.8km. This section features gates on each of the four cardinal directions, with pathways leading to each gate. The southern path includes a stone bridge that crosses the moat, with balustrades shaped like Naga (snake deities) on either side. In Hindu and Buddhist belief, Naga are considered sacred beings that control water and rain.

The third section, the innermost area, is also surrounded by walls and a moat, spanning approximately 0.6km x 0.6km. This section is the most sacred area, with five towers, the tallest of which stands at 65m. The largest tower symbolizes Vishnu, while the four surrounding towers represent Vishnu's four virtues. These towers resemble lotus flowers, with triangular ornaments at the top. These ornaments represent Shiva's three-dimensional manifestation, signifying the powers of creation, destruction, and preservation.

Beyond the walls, moats, and towers, Angkor Wat is adorned with countless sculptures and murals. These depict Hindu mythology, history, and daily life. Some of the most prominent murals include scenes of heaven and hell on the west wall, the battle between the Devas and the Asuras on the east wall, and the procession of Khmer kings on the north wall. These sculptures and murals enhance the artistic and historical significance of Angkor Wat.

Tourist Information and Tips for Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is located about a 30-minute taxi or tuk-tuk ride from Siem Reap International Airport in Cambodia. To visit Angkor Wat, you need an entrance ticket, which can be purchased for a one-day pass ($37), a two-day pass ($62), or a three-day pass ($72). Tickets are available at the Angkor Wat entrance and require a photo and passport.

Due to its vast size, it is impossible to explore all of Angkor Wat in a single day. Therefore, it is recommended to select the areas you want to visit based on your travel itinerary. Here are some of the main attractions of Angkor Wat:

1. Angkor Wat Main Gate

The main gate of Angkor Wat is located on the south side and can be accessed by crossing a stone bridge over the moat. The gate features towers with four faces carved on each side, believed to represent either the Khmer king or Vishnu. The main gate offers a panoramic view of the entire Angkor Wat complex.

2. Angkor Wat Central Tower

The central tower of Angkor Wat is the tallest and largest, representing Vishnu's mountain. The central tower consists of 12 levels, each with 37 steps. Ascending to the top of the central tower provides a stunning view of Angkor Wat. However, as the central tower is quite steep and tall, for safety reasons, it is recommended to remove your shoes, hold onto the handrails, and climb slowly.

3. Angkor Wat Walls

The murals of Angkor Wat are located on the inner and outer walls, depicting Hindu mythology, history, and daily life. The murals stretch for a total of 2km and are remarkable for their intricate carvings and vibrant colors. Examining the murals provides insight into the culture and art of Angkor Wat.

Since Angkor Wat is a religious site, appropriate attire is required. Dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees, and remove hats, sunglasses, and shoes before entering. Angkor Wat experiences very hot and humid weather, so be sure to bring water, snacks, sunscreen, and insect repellent. The sunrises and sunsets at Angkor Wat are breathtakingly beautiful. Especially memorable is the view of Angkor Wat reflected in the moat in front of the main gate.

Value and Protection of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is a treasure of Cambodia and a world heritage site. It is a place where you can experience ancient civilizations and art, and it embodies the history and identity of Cambodia. While Angkor Wat is a popular destination, it is also vulnerable to various threats. Natural degradation, climate change, human activity and development, and various conflicts and wars have led to its deterioration. Protecting and restoring Angkor Wat requires cooperation among the Cambodian government, the international community, and tourists. Visitors to Angkor Wat must respect and protect its value and beauty.